Bali is an island known not only for its breathtaking landscapes and warm hospitality but also for its rich spiritual life. Among its many unique religious ceremonies, Galungan stands out as one of the most significant. Held every 210 days according to the Balinese Pawukon calendar, Galungan is a sacred and joyous celebration that honours the victory of dharma (good) over adharma (evil). It marks the time when ancestral spirits return to visit their descendants, and the whole island transforms in preparation.
What Is Galungan?
Galungan represents the eternal battle between good and evil, and the victory of dharma serves as a reminder of the importance of righteous living. According to Balinese Hindu belief, this is the time when the spirits of deceased relatives return to their former homes, and offerings are made to honour them.
Families clean and bless their homes, prepare elaborate offerings (banten), and take part in temple rituals to show gratitude and spiritual devotion. The belief is that the balance of the universe is renewed during this time through these acts of reverence and connection.
The Iconic Penjor Decorations
One of the most visually striking aspects of Galungan is the appearance of penjor along streets and outside homes. A penjor is a tall, curved bamboo pole decorated with woven coconut leaves, rice, fruit, and other offerings. Each penjor is unique and reflects the craftsmanship and spiritual intention of the family who made it.
These towering structures represent Mount Agung – the sacred mountain considered the home of the gods – and the bounty of nature provided by the divine. During Galungan, the streets of Bali are transformed by rows of elegant penjor swaying in the wind, creating an atmosphere of festive reverence.
Key Days of the Galungan Celebration
- Penyajahan (2 days before): Preparations for traditional cakes and ceremonial offerings are made. Villages fill with the scent of sweet and savoury snacks being cooked.
- Penampahan (1 day before): Balinese Hindus prepare sacrificial offerings, often including the ceremonial slaughter of pigs or chickens. This is also the day of intense cooking, cleaning, and final preparations.
- Galungan Day: The spiritual peak of the celebration. Families dress in traditional attire, bring offerings to their family temples, and pray together. It’s also a time for visiting relatives and strengthening bonds.
- Manis Galungan (the day after): A more relaxed day often spent visiting friends, exploring the island, or enjoying food and family time.
Cultural Etiquette and What Visitors Should Know
If you’re visiting Bali during Galungan, you’re in for a cultural treat. The entire island becomes more vibrant, spiritual, and ceremonial. Here are a few tips for respectful engagement:
- Dress modestly if visiting temples – wear a sarong and sash.
- Do not disturb ceremonies or try to enter private family temples unless invited.
- Be aware that some services may be closed during Galungan and Kuningan, as locals return to their home villages.
- Ask permission before taking photos of people participating in rituals.
Galungan is more than just a celebration – it’s a vivid expression of Balinese culture and belief. Experiencing Galungan offers travellers a deeper understanding of the island’s spiritual life and a glimpse into the powerful traditions that continue to shape daily life in Bali.
